Hoʻokō piha ʻia ke kaʻina ulu o ka silika aniani hoʻokahi i ka māla wela.ʻO kahi māla wela maikaʻi e kūpono i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka maikaʻi o ka kristal a loaʻa ka pono crystallization kiʻekiʻe.ʻO ka hoʻolālā o ke kahua wela e hoʻoholo nui i nā hoʻololi a me nā loli i nā gradients wela i loko o ke kahua wela ikaika.ʻO ke kahe o ke kinoea i loko o ke keʻena kapuahi a me ka ʻokoʻa o nā mea i hoʻohana ʻia i ka māla wela e hoʻoholo pololei i ke ola lawelawe o ke kahua wela.ʻAʻole hiki ke paʻakikī i ka ulu ʻana i nā kristal i kūpono i nā koi maikaʻi, akā ʻaʻole hiki ke ulu i nā kristal hoʻokahi piha ma lalo o kekahi mau koi kaʻina.ʻO ia ke kumu i manaʻo ai ka ʻoihana Czochralski monocrystalline silicon i ka hoʻolālā kahua wela ma ke ʻano he ʻenehana koʻikoʻi a hoʻopukapuka nui i nā manpower a me nā waiwai waiwai i ka noiʻi a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana.
Hoʻokumu ʻia ka ʻōnaehana wela i nā ʻano mea kahua wela.E hoʻolauna pōkole wale mākou i nā mea i hoʻohana ʻia i ke kahua wela.E pili ana i ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka wela ma ke kahua wela a me kona hopena i ka huki aniani, ʻaʻole mākou e loiloi ma aneʻi.ʻO ka mea wela wela e pili ana i ka umu hoʻoheheʻe kristal ulu.ʻO nā ʻāpana i hoʻopaʻa ʻia a thermally insulated o ke keʻena, he mea nui ia e hana i ka lole wela kūpono a puni ka semiconductor hehee a me nā kristal.
ʻekahi.mea kūkulu kahua wela
ʻO ke kumu kākoʻo kumu no ka ulu ʻana i ka silika aniani hoʻokahi e Czochralski ʻano he graphite maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe.He kuleana koʻikoʻi nā mea graphite i ka ʻoihana hou.I ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka silika aniani hoʻokahi e ke ʻano Czochralski, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻohana ʻia e like me nā mea hoʻomohala kahua wela e like me nā mea hoʻomehana, nā paipu alakaʻi, nā crucibles, nā paipu insulation, a me nā pā crucible.
Ua koho ʻia ka mea graphite ma muli o ka maʻalahi o ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i nā puke nui, ka hiki ke kaʻina hana a me nā waiwai kūpaʻa kiʻekiʻe.ʻO ke kalapona ma ke ʻano o ke daimana a i ʻole ka graphite ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka helu heheʻe ma mua o kekahi mea a i ʻole hui.ʻOi aku ka ikaika o ka mea graphite, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma nā wela kiʻekiʻe, a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kāna conductivity uila a me ka wela.ʻO kāna conductivity uila e kūpono ia ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻomehana, a loaʻa iā ia kahi conductivity thermal maikaʻi e hiki ke puʻunaue like i ka wela i hana ʻia e ka mea hoʻomehana i ka crucible a me nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kahua wela.Eia nō naʻe, i nā wela kiʻekiʻe, ʻoi aku ka nui ma nā mamao lōʻihi, ʻo ke ʻano nui o ka hoʻoili wela ʻo ia ka radiation.
Hoʻokumu mua ʻia nā ʻāpana graphite e ka extrusion a i ʻole ke kaomi isostatic o nā ʻāpana kalapona maikaʻi i hui pū ʻia me kahi mea paʻa.Hoʻopili pinepine ʻia nā ʻāpana graphite kiʻekiʻe.Hoʻopili mua ʻia ka ʻāpana holoʻokoʻa a laila kiʻi ʻia i nā wela kiʻekiʻe loa, kokoke i 3000°C.Hoʻomaʻemaʻe pinepine ʻia nā ʻāpana i hana ʻia mai kēia mau monoliths i loko o kahi ea i loko o ka chlorine i nā mahana kiʻekiʻe e hoʻoneʻe i ka ʻino metala e hoʻokō i nā koi o ka ʻoihana semiconductor.Eia nō naʻe, ʻoiai me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe pono ʻana, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā pae hoʻohaumia metala i ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka ʻae ʻia e nā mea aniani hoʻokahi.No laila, pono e mālama ʻia i ka hoʻolālā kahua wela e pale i ka hoʻohaumia ʻana o kēia mau ʻāpana mai ke komo ʻana i ka ʻili hoʻoheheʻe a i ʻole ke aniani.
Hiki ke paʻa iki ka mea graphite, e hiki ai i ke koena metala i loko ke maʻalahi i ka ʻili.Eia hou, hiki i ka silicon monoxide i loko o ke kinoea hoʻomaʻemaʻe a puni ka ʻili graphite hiki ke komo hohonu i loko o ka hapa nui o nā mea a hana.
Ua hana ʻia nā mea hoʻoheheʻe kapuahi kilikakika mua me nā metala refractory e like me ka tungsten a me ka molybdenum.Ke ulu nei ka ʻenehana hana graphite, ua paʻa nā waiwai uila o nā pilina ma waena o nā ʻāpana graphite, a ua hoʻololi ʻia nā mea hoʻoheheʻe kilika kilika hoʻokahi i ka tungsten a me ka molybdenum a me nā mea wela ʻē aʻe.ʻO ka mea graphite i hoʻohana nui ʻia i kēia manawa he graphite isostatic.Hiki i ka semicera ke hāʻawi i nā mea graphite paʻi isostatically kiʻekiʻe.
I loko o Czochralski nā kapuahi kilikakika hoʻokahi, hoʻohana ʻia nā mea hana C/C composite i kekahi manawa, a ke hoʻohana ʻia nei i kēia manawa no ka hana ʻana i nā bolts, nati, crucibles, nā papa lawe ukana a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.ʻO nā mea i hoʻohuihui ʻia ka carbon/carbon (c/c) nā mea i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka carbon fiber i hoʻoikaika ʻia.Loaʻa iā lākou ka ikaika kikoʻī kiʻekiʻe, modulus kikoʻī kiʻekiʻe, haʻahaʻa thermal expansion coefficient, conductivity uila maikaʻi, paʻakikī haʻihaʻi nui, haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa kikoʻī, pale ʻana i ka haʻalulu, pale ʻana i ka corrosion, He ʻano o nā waiwai maikaʻi loa e like me ke kūpaʻa wela kiʻekiʻe a i kēia manawa ākea. hoʻohana ʻia i ka aerospace, heihei, biomaterials a me nā māla ʻē aʻe ma ke ʻano he ʻano hou o nā mea hoʻolālā kiʻekiʻe.I kēia manawa, ʻo ka bottleneck koʻikoʻi i ʻike ʻia e nā mea hoʻohui C / C home he kumu kūʻai a me nā pilikia ʻoihana.
Nui nā mea ʻē aʻe i hoʻohana ʻia no ka hana ʻana i nā māla wela.ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o nā waiwai mechanical i hoʻoikaika ʻia i ka carbon fiber;akā naʻe, ʻoi aku ke kumukūʻai a hoʻokau i nā koi hoʻolālā ʻē aʻe.ʻO ka Silicon carbide (SiC) kahi mea ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o ka graphite ma nā ʻano he nui, akā ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kumukūʻai a paʻakikī ke hana ʻana i nā ʻāpana nui.Eia nō naʻe, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ʻo SiC ma ke ʻano he uhi CVD e hoʻonui ai i ke ola o nā ʻāpana graphite i ʻike ʻia i ke kinoea silicon monoxide a e hōʻemi hoʻi i ka ʻino mai ka graphite.ʻO ka uhi ʻana o ka carbide silicon CVD paʻa e pale pono i nā mea haumia i loko o ka microporous graphite material mai ka hiki ʻana i ka ʻili.
ʻO ka mea ʻē aʻe he kalapona CVD, hiki ke hana i kahi papa paʻa ma luna o nā ʻāpana graphite.Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā mea ʻē aʻe e pale aku i ka wela, e like me ka molybdenum a i ʻole nā mea ceramic i kūpono i ke kaiapuni.Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻohe kūpono o ka oxide ceramics no ka hoʻopili pololei ʻana me nā mea graphite i nā wela kiʻekiʻe, e waiho pinepine ana i nā mea ʻē aʻe inā makemake ʻia ka insulation.ʻO kekahi he hexagonal boron nitride (i kapa ʻia i kekahi manawa he graphite keʻokeʻo ma muli o nā ʻano like), akā ʻaʻohe ona mau waiwai mechanical.He mea maʻamau ka molybdenum no nā noi wela kiʻekiʻe ma muli o kāna kumukūʻai haʻahaʻa, haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i loko o nā kristal silika, a me ka coefficient hoʻokaʻawale haʻahaʻa, ma kahi o 5 × 108, e hiki ai i kekahi molybdenum contamination ma mua o ka luku ʻana i ka hale aniani.
ʻelua.Nā mea hoʻopololei kahua wela
ʻO ka mea maʻamau i hoʻohana ʻia ʻo ka carbon feel i nā ʻano like ʻole.Hana ʻia ka manaʻo kalapona i nā fiber lahilahi i hana ʻia e like me ka insulation thermal no ka mea ua pāpā lākou i ka radiation thermal i nā manawa he nui ma kahi mamao.Ua ulana ʻia ka manaʻo kalapona palupalu i loko o nā ʻāpana ʻāpana lahilahi, a laila ʻoki ʻia i ke ʻano i makemake ʻia a hoʻopaʻa paʻa i kahi radius kūpono.Ua haku ʻia ʻo Cured felt me nā mea fiber like, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi mea hoʻopaʻa kalapona e hoʻopili ai i nā fibers i hoʻopuehu ʻia i kahi mea paʻa a nani.ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka mahu kemika o ke kalapona ma kahi o nā mea hoʻopaʻa hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi i nā waiwai mechanical o ka mea.
ʻO ka maʻamau, ua uhi ʻia ka ʻili o waho o ka insulating cured felt me kahi uhi graphite mau a i ʻole foil e hōʻemi ai i ka ʻinoʻino a me ka ʻaʻahu a me ka palaka.Loaʻa nā ʻano mea hoʻokalakupua e pili ana i ke kalapona, e like me ka pahu kalapona.Ma keʻano laulā, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā mea graphitized no ka mea hoʻemi nui ka graphitization i ka ʻili o ka fiber.Hāʻawi kēia mau mea ili kiʻekiʻe i ka liʻiliʻi o ka outgassing a liʻiliʻi ka manawa e huki ai i ka umu i kahi ʻūhā kūpono.ʻO ke ʻano ʻē aʻe he C/C composite material, nona nā hiʻohiʻona koʻikoʻi e like me ke kaumaha māmā, ka hoʻomanawanui ʻino kiʻekiʻe, a me ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe.Hoʻohana ʻia i nā māla wela e hoʻololi i nā ʻāpana graphite, kahi e hōʻemi nui ai i ka hoʻololi pinepine ʻana o nā ʻāpana graphite a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka maikaʻi kristal hoʻokahi a me ke kūpaʻa hana.
Wahi a ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā mea maka, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke kalapona i ka polyacrylonitrile-based carbon felt, viscose-based carbon felt, a me ka asphalt-based carbon feel.
ʻO ka polyacrylonitrile-based carbon felt ka nui o ka lehu, a lilo nā monofilaments i mea palupalu ma hope o ka mālama ʻana i ka wela kiʻekiʻe.I ka wā hana, hana maʻalahi ka lepo e hoʻohaumia i ke kaiapuni o ka umu.I ka manawa like, komo maʻalahi nā fibers i nā pores kanaka a me nā ʻāpana hanu, e hōʻeha ai i ke olakino kanaka;ʻO ka viscose-based carbon felt He mau waiwai insulation thermal maikaʻi, palupalu ma hope o ka mālama ʻana i ka wela, a ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻopuka i ka lepo.Eia nō naʻe, he ʻano ʻano like ʻole ka ʻāpana keʻa o nā kaula viscose a he nui nā awāwa ma ka ʻili o ka fiber, maʻalahi ke hana ʻia ma ke alo o kahi ea oxidizing i loko o ka umu Czochralski hoʻokahi aniani silicon.ʻO nā kinoea e like me CO2 ke kumu o ka ua o ka oxygen a me nā mea kalapona i loko o nā mea silika aniani hoʻokahi.ʻO nā mea hana nui ka German SGL a me nā hui ʻē aʻe.I kēia manawa, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kalapona i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka pitch ma ka semiconductor single crystal industry, a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kāna hana insulation thermal ma mua o ka manaʻo o ka carbon sticky.He haʻahaʻa loa ka manaʻo kalapona kumu, akā ʻoi aku ka maʻemaʻe a me ka hoʻokuʻu lepo haʻahaʻa.Hoʻokomo nā mea hana i ka Kureha Chemical o Iapana, Osaka Gas, etc.
No ka mea, ʻaʻole paʻa ke ʻano o ke kalapona, he mea paʻakikī ke hana.I kēia manawa ua hoʻomohala nā hui he nui i kahi mea hoʻolale wela hou e pili ana i ke kalapona - cured carbon felt.Ua kapa ʻia ʻo ka manaʻo kalapona i hoʻōla ʻia.He kalapona ia i loaʻa ke ʻano a me ka hoʻomau ʻana iā ia iho ma hope o ka impregnated me ka resin, laminated, solidified a carbonized.
Hoʻopili pololei ʻia ka maikaʻi o ka ulu ʻana o ka silika kristal hoʻokahi e ka ʻāina wela, a ʻo nā mea insulation carbon fiber ke kuleana nui i kēia kaiapuni.ʻO ka carbon fiber thermal insulation soft feel e noho nei i kahi waiwai nui i ka ʻoihana semiconductor photovoltaic ma muli o kāna mau kumukūʻai, ka hopena insulation thermal maikaʻi loa, ka hoʻolālā maʻalahi a me ke ʻano maʻamau.Eia kekahi, ʻo ka carbon fiber rigid insulation i manaʻo ʻia e loaʻa i kahi lumi nui no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka mākeke waiwai kahua wela ma muli o kona ikaika a me ka operability kiʻekiʻe.Hoʻopaʻa mākou i ka noiʻi a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ke kahua o nā mea insulation thermal a hoʻomau i ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka hana huahana e hāpai i ka pōmaikaʻi a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻoihana semiconductor photovoltaic.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Mei-15-2024